Stories, Global Issues and Arts

Artificial Intelligence—Myths, Facts! Some Perspectives!

There is lot of news all around us on AI these days. Automated Robots, self-driving cars, game playing using AI, to mention a few. Some would even say— “Data is the new oil and AI the new electricity”. And some fear about AI taking away jobs. Well myths are there for everything in world and myths are always good when better clarified. Yes, AI is happening but we all need AI, there are way too many reasons for it. And there is no denying in coming times we may need even more AI. So, what about these myths. Well, this article is all about these facts, clarifying myths, as per my views. Some may think differently, but this is what can be understood given the plethora of works I have read and analyzed over past many years or even decades. Though Artificial Intelligence was jargoned long time back – with the famous Turing test determining whether a machine is Artificially intelligent or not——but it was never a pre-dominant thing before as it is now! As data is increasing exponentially and hence the need to understand it !!!!

Yes, data is new oil—-it is really new—it was never there before in this huge amount. We never had servers, never had so much of written texts accumulated in distributed systems across the globe. To summarize in short—the huge BIG DATA —was absent in our history book. Was it there ? NO ! And were data servers therein geography ? No. Was cybersecurity there in our civics books? NO….and so on…. And, whenever a new thing comes in human life and wherever it comes it brings to itself both the new challenges and new problems too. The new challenges faced by humans were how to deal with huge amount of image, text, audio, video data. How to search, extract, comprehend such data to start with. Then how to do more complicated tasks on data— which include image recognition, video processing, machine translation, to mention a few. Tasks such as assisting humans also originated much in native stage of development of AI but Computer Science and Technology was not that adept to support it then. Data was there but in conversations, papers, maps, paintings and among us but not stored anywhere. The hardware and software development laid a deep root in the success of AI spread!

Yes a machine can act intelligently but it has to be switched on by humans ! Yes, we all will love to sit on driving seat in an automatic car—but can we trust it in an unknown event—on which it has not been trained to work leave aside being tested. For instance, a sudden lighting from sky—what would be the machines’ reaction. Well a human is sitting on the driving seat so why worry? Right! It is not taking away the job of a driver in this way. This was a small example. There is a long way to go. In the same way in any manufacturing unit—it is good to let automatic robots do the job which are hazardous or dangerous to humans. Neither the population and demands in history were so high nor the needs of people. It is all changing at a fast rate, just to reach an equilibrium when new things will come up. New challenges will come up and new focus may be set. That how industrial revolution came and passed by. We still have industries, new jobs are created for new roles, new areas. In the same way we are going through Artificial Intelligence Revolution after the Computer Revolution. This is pass by as Industrial Revolution in history books. It shall make permanent changes, some temporary modifications and many important useful things to use and benefit from.

AI can be good or bad…Well I am myself an AI researcher and there is huge need for autonomous systems which self-train with humans. May be on based on learning with feedbacks from humans. These systems work well in case they are needed anywhere. I do see their use on setting up colonies on Mars! What a nice way to view a well set up colony on Mars for holiday or retirement plans? Why AI? Why not humans to do this task? Well, it took us centuries to reach this point of developments—and when we have AI why should we worry!

What is needed is a global corporation in this area for developments with mutual sharing of ideas, purpose, standards, futures tasks….. Alone we can move a wall but together a mountain!

More to come soon!

Technology and Artificial Intelligence based “Peaceful Expression of Opinion Voices”

Game playing has always fascinated men and women not just children. There are various kinds of games that had been played over the centuries that have passed since human evolution began. Even today stones are used to play games, a popular game with stone I myself played as a kid was called “pittooh” . Not just the way we live have evolved by the way we play games have changed. In the tough current times, our kids must be missing playing outside in parks with their friends, but pandemic left us with no option. Kids all over must be getting play time at home or on parents’ tablets and if they are lucky on their phones too. But yes the thing I propose in this article that can be used for people’s voices to be heard is “peaceful expression of opinion voice” . How can Technology, Computer Science (CS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) be used to help people express their peaceful voices and be heard and get responses too. This is one thing that can be enhanced with changing times—given the necessity—from both sides from the speaker (the one who wants to express his/her opinion) and from the hearer (the one to which it is directed to be heard). Times have changed, the way games are played have changed, shopping has changed, communication to friends have change and so on. So why not an advance in the fields of “peaceful expression of opinion voices? ”. As I said before I still played stone games and children do still play them when in garden but rubber balls have come now, new games have been invented, some do like an hour of video gaming too and not to forget wooden bats, soccer have come to—but majority people are watching them indoors these days—–as there is no option in many scenarios! So, the point I want to focus here is – even if Tech & CS & AI based solutions come for “peaceful expression of voice” –it would not end the old things one used to do. So is there a fear ? It can be used in needful times-like these times and in needful areas where one must not gather——- !

In normal modern days, a lot depend on transport, roads, essential services. Question is can technology and advances in Computer Sciences, Artificial Intelligence change the way “peaceful expression of opinion voice” is made and heard. And now in pandemic times – haven’t this become an important issue ? Given people gather to express a lot of important issues – be it a small banner meeting to a peaceful march on some opinion context. In such cases guidelines imposed in Corona are not followed. This also result in disruption of an already burdened system. The system is burdened by plethora of works that go in handling pandemic and is not just restricted to the healthcare providers-which are front end workers. There are back end workers too in Pandemic which are not recognized and applauded. They are the government, administrative officials, manufacturers of medicines as well as of essential product which include food, transportation, water, electricity to mention a few. Ever thought of how all these things are working with following restrictions, day to day challenges—which are not new to system, but also of disruption of transport and law and order which occurs, when peaceful movements halts a road—may be an essential road to a needy person ? Ever thought of it. This is the aim of this article – to express how development and research in AI, CS, Tech can help online expression of opinionvoices.

Well, it is not just online expression of opinion voices. There are lot of social media channels that favor and accomplish this task. The aim as I said is there are two entities here, these are described below.

The Speaker— The one or group or units who want to express an opinion about some problem they are facing, or an expressing an excitement about a cricket match being won, to even celebration of a achievement being targeted—to a vigil and even a grief march in memory of a late be-loved leader. The entities here can be one, some or many depending on what and who all want to participate in this task.

The Hearer— This is an individual living or not to whom the opinion voice is meant for. This may be a late leader—to whom a group of people want to grieve, or nobody—in case one want celebration of a match won by a state, it may be a leadership unit—may be a labor group of a company wants to express their concerns to even a climate change meeting by a group of people-to be heard by the stakeholders. So, the hearer can be one or some ( few in number) or many (exceeding a specified number say 50) and may even change—both increase and decrease with time.

Typically, the size of Speaking group is higher than the size of hearing group—who are decision makers in most of the cases. The kind of entities may be classified as:

One: When only one entity is needed
Some: When few people are stakeholders
Many: When a particular group of people are participating
Huge: When a big segment of population of a area participates

Further, the communication can be classified in following categories:

One way from Hearer to Speaker: The hearer is typically a stakeholder in our model of solution to this problem using CS and AI. The stakeholder or stakeholders may like to ask a speakers for an opinion in a forced fashion. This type may be referred to as an opinion seeker communication or a response based communication.
One way from Speaker to Hearer: This may be used when a group of speakers wants to express their thoughts to hearer. The voice may be spontaneous or response to response based voice as in point (i) above. Spontaneous voice typically may not require any opinion seeker and may generate out of a collective though a group have.
Both ways communications: Here there is a constant communication from speaker and hearer. And both sides want to hear each others opinions and also take into account each others feedback.

While the participants in each of the three above cases can be:

One to one: One entity on speaker side to one on hearer side
One to Many: One entity on speaker versus many on hearer
Many to One: Many speakers and one hearer
Many to Many: Many speakers and many hearer

Given that typically such opinions are expressed by a group who thinks in a similar way on a particular topic. Now, this article questions and present a solution to this issue, given we have high end technologies to implement the solution. The proposed solution is based on the concept I illustrated in the beginning –game playing. Online game playing has been advanced to its peak both in technology used but also in use of Artificial Intelligence. I propose use of computer science and technology which can be implemented to enable participants from both side—speaker and hearer and from all models of one to one or one to many or many to many entities.

The entities on each side can hold the following objects

Voise
Text Banners
Images
Paintings, picture handmade depictions, uploaded
Their names and identities

A Platform can be made where the participant can do the following.

peaceful march on the roads selected by them—-all virtually
they can post their main opinions on banners that they are holding online
they can speak something at any time in which they are participating in the march
the collective voise of the speakers can be accumulated and using Artificial Intelligence
the main strong voices and opinion mining can be done in the online framework being developed
the banners are text messages—which can be used in the Natural Language Processing Engine of the platform and the key targets can be extracted and send to stakeholder hearers
image, paintings can be put on online banners in possession of the entities
the stakeholders /speakers/external entities can reply back to speakers
Artificial Intelligence can be applied on the hearer-decision makers and collective information and decision can be framed out before commination back to the other group.

With the advances in gaming technologies, virtual reality, augmented reality the march, celebration movement, or even a road annual party can be made virtual.

The stakeholders may take decision based on Artificial Intelligence tools and decision based on either:

a. majority votes of stakeholders

b. majority votes + user voices

c. majority votes of speakers

A computerized- Artificial Intelligence Based- Global Health Care System: A Pandemic Perspective

This article presents a robust computerized – “Artificial Intelligence” based Health Care System, which works on a global level and is efficient in handling global issues such as pandemic, in a unified, co-operative international approach enabled only with help of mutual trust and understanding.

Most health care systems today are efficient and well equipped. But as the pandemic has shown us they are lacking in co-operating and efficiently dealing with the current pandemic situation from a global perspective. Here, we need a health care system with co-operates among towns & cities not just among individual care facilities and among countries not just among cities. While most health care institutions in todays world are working on stand-alone model, where networking between even two hospitals across the street is based on emails, messenger services and telephone conversations-landline or mobile. In this article I am putting a light on an approach for better inter-operability among stand-alone the systems both within towns (cities or villages) and on a global level-within countries.

Figure 1. The flowchart describes the way information can be processed and decision making using Artificial Intelligence can be applied for future medical tasks and leaderships.

It was around a decade back that global level work on Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) was proposed. We all are familiar with the term medical records which may be written by human or a computer. When the records are written on a computer it needs a format, typically called a medical description language or MDL for short. To briefly explain what CDA was all about, so that you don’t have to refer back on a search engine for that. CDA, basically in layman language, provided a standard for storing medical information of a patient. The details are stored in the format finalized by the experts, the details include, patients’ medications, disease severity, doctor specifications for medications, to diet restrictions followed and may even include the comments from the nurse in charge of the patient. There are several ways in which CDA can be written which may include PHMR (Patient Health Care Monitoring Record), CCR (Clinical Care Record) to mention a few, these are specialized forms of the model of CDA. This may be understood as different ways to input and view information based on who is accessing the data. Once the document is made at the entry of a person in hospital, it initializes the basic details counting up to height of the person, to illustrate it to you. There are xml fragments -specified by xml tags- that are updated-and/or added once a doctor has some comments or medications to prescribe to the patient. Each disease has a code—codes were added in specification for making it easy for a computer to understand the condition of a patient. Though natural languages could have been processed (and NLP could have been used), but may by then, and even now, the question of resolving ambiguity of a natural language (about a disease name, symptoms, side effects…), that too in a critical application such as health care is paramount and could not have been left to negligence of accuracy even by 0.9%. In this way the xml is updated, adding blocks of tags for each disease, symptoms, medications and so on. The initial impression of the proposed thing was the xml for a patient id may go to a centralized server, where all cumulative files about a health institution may be stored. These makes it easy for processing hospital level information. But nobody predicted a pandemic, as far as I know, so to the best of my knowledge even if these models had been implemented on some care systems, there seem to be an absence of global records and the cumulative understanding of these records.

Why global accumulations of such records can be considered necessary ? Yes, it is a question about why you are reading this article! Well, computerized documentation is being provided by many health care facilities, including individual clinics. There are names such as medical records, medical descriptions, or simple excel file based databases which are used at backend (either on a web server or a desktop application), some may be using xml files themselves. But they may lack unified approach and standards to store information. This makes it difficult to comprehend data from one server to another. Why we need to connect data from one server to another??? Well yes there was not much need for it before this – Pandemic never hit us after the Computer Revolution, as we may call it and specifically Artificial Intelligence Revolution, as I would like to call it —to what is going on now! This may be a reason why centralized approaches to store such contents were not performed. You may ask—how many of super computers can process scattered data, spread across countries, each small unit in a different form. I say—None-at present ! WHY?? Well you would need lot of human specialists efforts for writing rules for inter-compatibility of forms in which data is present –in each clinic, in each hospital, in each care house to mention a few! Basically, you need a standardized data, which no one has time to create—given such a big load on the Front Line Workers-Our health care providers! Now you may ask me – why doctors and specialists needed for this task- Well Guys—all these are medical terminology, the name of disease in a particular format, the medicine names. Check out LONIC and SNOMED codes for instance, that were recommended by some for a standardized approach. How many -medical description languages- use these standardized codes! ? Or do we need more standardized codes or are these enough ?! I think a lot of work has gone in coding medical standards, and re-usability is a popular software if not hardware jargon we all follow. The answer would be yes—if we can gather some medical coding specialist to translate the formats of MDL into a unified coding format –that can be fed into Super Computers.

The proposal was well studied and several guidelines were framed. However, it seems that not much is implemented about centralization of the medical information. Now, individual units can maintain their medical record, process it and even apply Artificial Intelligence on the data and generate analytical graphical visualizations many AI and data scientists are used to view for decision making. But here, we stand amidst, in some places on the on-set of, the third wave and second wave of pandemic. It is needed to now use medical coder—to translate the MDL files from individual units, institutions, villages, clinics and so on to a unified form as proposed years back.

The medical information may vary from

group information: such as a group of clinics operating in an area
institution information: such as an autonomous or a government hospital
local area information: such as a locality
metropolitan information: as the name suggests each metropolitian areas
country information to
global information: the ultimate aim—to end a pandemic from its roots—if it ever hits back!

Once this information is on servers-we can do a lot of Artificial Intelligence on it and help people, not only doctors and policy makers with authentic information from reliable sources. I now propose the use of Artificial Intelligence in

information extraction,
decision making,
better forecasting of next outbreak,
providing medical suggestions to help doctors
care suggestions at home
automated updates on emails of places to avoid, to mention a few

Once this mission is accomplished, we have better tracking, and who knows we can track even the virus from its roots, with the help of tremendous amount of development in Artificial Intelligence that can beat humans in tough games like Chess!

More on this in my upcoming blog. Stay tuned! Take care! And Start Implementing It!

to infinity and beyond

from A to Z and beyond

all that words can write

from infinity on left to infinity on right

all that numbers can count

from infinity and beyond

my love knows no boundaries

my love know no counting to count how much i love

from alpha to gamma to zeta and beyond

all the symbols can express

my love cant be expressed in any combination of symbols

i would say

to infinity and beyond——

my love can never die…..

its endless

its beyond expressions

though i express it in so many forms

from silver through gold to platinum…..

from ruby to diamonds to emeralds…

yes the gems cant store

yes the metals can bind….

but its more each day

its more every moment

how much can you store!

i would say

to infinity and beyond——

its formless

its more that anything that i can tell…….

i would say

to infinity and beyond——

Its a thought of you!

It was a thought of you

I was in dream

Awake but asleep

And all I dreamt was you !

The spark inside my heart

The touch of your manly hands

Over my long hairs

Its a thought of you!

That make me shine in dark nights!

It was a thought of you – just in the morning

Which makes my dreams come true

I dream of you

Every single dream!

It is just a thought of you

In my days

In my work

I see your inspirations

Its just a thought of you

That makes me going!

Day out! -It is just a thought of you

That brushes away all the pains!

It is just a thought of you

That aspires Me

That Makes Me!

That keeps me going !

Just a thought of you,

In your absence!

Heuristic Search Techniques for Graph Searching

Graph Search Techniques

The graph search techniques in todays scenario be broadly be classified as:

Computer Science based Graph Search

This class caters to most traditional algorithms of Graph based search which include:

a. Depth Firth Search (DFS)

b. Breadth First Search (BFS)

c. Dijkstra’s Search Algorithm

d. Travelling Salesman Problem

e. Hybrid–DFS-BFS

f. Graph Coloring Algorithms

g Kruskal, Prims Algorithms……………list goes on but the above mentioned are most popular ones

2. Artificial Intelligence based Graph Search

These Algorithms adds AI into search techniques. These come in more as a separate topic to be discussed. The most popular kind of algorithm for the topic is “AI based Heuristic Graph Search“

AI based Search

How can AI help in searching any task presented to you. Wanna use AI based search techniques. Here are the glimpse of the tasks.

Its is not just a mundane task of search – following an algorithm
The search algorithm has AI embedded in it.
It may be a slight modification of original algorithm or a completely new algorithm with modifications higher than just modifications’.
It shall improve task specific criterions.
It may increase complexity but there would always be a tradeoff on the extra alpha added here.
……more to come
Example: Heuristic Search Techniques for Graph Searching

Search Techniques

Go Back to Home Page

Search Techniques is an elaborately broad term used for several tasks- Not just search the web, searching a map, book, to searching a utility which may be a library to searching a store for a pack of tissue papers! This is just a beginning! You search for the perfect search you need is in hyperlinks below..

Web Search
Graph Search
Artificial Intelligence based Search
Textual Search
…coming soon